基于能源消费的中国不同产业空间的碳足迹分析   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

赵荣钦  黄贤金  钟太洋  彭佳雯 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(2):285-300

Using energy consumption and land use data of each region of China in 2007,this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint model based on energy consumption,and estimated the carbon emission amount of fossil energy and rural biomass energy of dif-ferent regions of China in 2007.Through matching the energy consumption items with indus-trial spaces,this paper divided industrial spaces into five types:agricultural space,living & industrial-commercial space,transportation industrial space,fishery and water conservancy space,and other industrial space.Then the author analyzed the carbon emission intensity and carbon footprint of each industrial space.Finally,advices of decreasing industrial carbon footprint and optimizing industrial space pattern were put forward.The main conclusions are as following:(1) Total amount of carbon emission from energy consumption of China in 2007 was about 1.65 GtC,in which the proportion of carbon emission from fossil energy was 89%.(2) Carbon emission intensity of industrial space of China in 2007 was 1.98 t/hm2,in which,carbon emission intensity of living & industrial-commercial space and of transportation in-dustrial space was 55.16 t/hm2 and 49.65 t/hm2 respectively,they were high-carbon-emission industrial spaces among others.(3) Carbon footprint caused by industrial activities of China in 2007 was 522.34 106 hm2,which brought about ecological deficit of 28.69 106 hm2,which means that the productive lands were not sufficient to compensate for carbon footprint of industrial activities,and the compensating rate was 94.5%.As to the regional carbon footprint,several regions have ecological profit while others have not.In general,the present ecologi-cal deficit caused by industrial activities was small in 2007.(4) Per unit area carbon footprint of industrial space in China was about 0.63 hm2/hm2 in 2007,in which that of living & indus-trial-commercial space was the highest (17.5 hm2/hm2).The per unit area carbon footprint of different industrial spaces all presented a declining trend from east to west of China.  相似文献   

Late Devonian OIB alkaline gabbro in the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone: Remnants of the Paleo-Tethys?     

Jingen Dai  Chengshan Wang  Réjean Hébert  Yalin Li  Hanting Zhong  Raoult Guillaume  Rachel Bezard  Yushuai Wei 《Gondwana Research》2011,19(1):232-243

The Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) is believed to be composed of material largely derived from the destruction of the Neo-Tethys that occurred from early Mesozoic to early Cenozoic. We report here geochronological and petrological data obtained for newly discovered alkaline gabbro blocks embedded in a mélange zone of the western YZSZ. Single zircon U–Pb analyses from one representative gabbro sample by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) yielded a combined crystallization age of about 363.7 ± 1.7 Ma (1σ). In situ Hf isotopic analyses yielded ε_Hf(t) values of + 2.6 to + 5.5, suggesting an enriched mantle source. All of the gabbro samples show typical Ocean Island Basalt (OIB) affinity with little or no continental crust contamination. They also display strong geochemical similarities with the Hawaii basalts and the Xigaze seamount basalts suggestive of their intra-oceanic setting. These observations, in combination with the Early Carboniferous layered gabbros reported at Luobusa, indicate that these rocks could represent remnants of the Paleo-Tethys. We propose that a branch ocean separating the Western Qiangtang terrane and the Lhasa terrane from the Gondwana continent might have been present during the Late Devonian and the Early Carboniferous, providing new constrains on the configuration of Paleo-Tethys in Tibetan Plateau during early Late Paleozoic.  相似文献   

Origin of native sulfur ball from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field offshore northeast Taiwan: Evidence from trace and rare earth element composition     

Zhigang Zeng  Chen-Tung A. Chen  Xuebo Yin  Xueying Zhang  Xiaoyuan Wang  Guoliang Zhang  Xiaomei Wang  Daigeng Chen 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(2):661-671

We first report the trace and rare earth element compositions of native sulfur ball with sulfur contents varying from 97.08 wt.% to 99.85 wt.% from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, off NE Taiwan. We then discuss the sources of trace and rare earth elements incorporated into the native sulfur ball during formation. Comparison of our results with native sulfur from crater lakes and other volcanic areas shows the sulfur content of native sulfur ball from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field is very high, and that the rare earth element (REE) and trace element constituents of the native sulfur balls are very low (∑REE < 35 ppb). In the native sulfur ball, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Nb, Rb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Th, U, Al, Ti and REE are mostly derived from andesite; Mg, K and Mn are mostly derived from seawater; and Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni are partly derived from magma. Based on the sulfur contents, trace and rare earth element compositions, and local environment, we suggest that the growth of the native sulfur ball is significantly slower than that of native sulfur chimneys, which results in the relatively higher contents of trace and rare earth element contents in the native sulfur ball than in the native sulfur chimneys from the Kueishantao hydrothermal field. Finally, we suggest a “glue pudding” growth model for understanding the origin of the native sulfur ball in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field, whereby the native sulfur ball forms from a mixture of oxygenated seawater and acidic, low-temperature hydrothermal fluid with H₂S and SO₂ gases, and is subsequently shaped by tidal and/or bottom currents.  相似文献   

Geology and geochronology of the Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt in eastern Inner Mongolia,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qingdong Zeng  Jianming Liu  Zuolun Zhang  Weijun Chen  Weiqing Zhang 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(8):1791-1809

The Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt, located in eastern Inner Mongolia, China, has great economic potential as a major producer of molybdenum. Four major types of Mo deposits have been recognized in the Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt: porphyry, quartz vein, volcanic-hosted, and greisen. These Mesozoic Mo deposits are closely related to Si- and K-rich intrusives and are usually hosted by granite plutons or located at the endo- or exo-contact zones of the granite porphyry. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating gives the emplacement ages of the intrusions related to Mo mineralization as 245.1 ± 4.4, 152.4 ± 1.6, and 139.1 ± 2.3 Ma. Re–Os analysis of five molybdenite samples from the Chehugou porphyry Mo deposit yields an isochron age of 245 ± 5 Ma (2σ), indicating that the mineralization age of the porphyry Mo deposit is about 245 Ma. Re–Os analyses of six molybdenite samples from the Nianzigou quartz-vein-type Mo deposit yield an isochron age of 154.3 ± 3.6 Ma (2σ), constraining the mineralization age of the quartz-vein Mo deposit to 154 Ma. Our results suggest that the Mo mineralization in the Xilamulun belt formed during at least three stages, i.e., the Triassic, Late Jurassic, and Early Cretaceous, and is coeval with the granitic magmatism. The corresponding geodynamic background covers the syncollision between the North China and Siberian plates during the Early to Middle Triassic, a compression setting related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate during the Jurassic and lithospheric thinning during the Early Cretaceous in eastern China.  相似文献   

The chemical changes of DOM from black waters to coastal marine waters by HPLC combined with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry     

Zhanfei Liu  Rachel L. Sleighter  Junyan Zhong  Patrick G. Hatcher 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

How dissolved organic matter (DOM) undergoes chemical changes during its transit from river to ocean remains a challenge due to its complex structure. In this study, DOM along a river transect from black waters to marine waters is characterized using an offline combination of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS), as well as tandem ESI-FTICR-MS. In addition, a water extract from degraded wood that mainly consists of lignins is used for comparison to the DOM from this transect. The HPLC chromatograms of all DOM samples and the wood extract show two major well-separated components; one is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic, based on their elution order from the C₁₈ column. From the FTICR-MS analysis of the HPLC fractions, the hydrophilic components mainly contain low molecular weight compounds (less than 400 Da), while the hydrophobic fractions contain the vast majority of compounds of the bulk C₁₈ extracted DOM. The wood extract and the DOM samples from the transect of black waters to coastal marine waters show strikingly similar HPLC chromatograms, and the FTICR-MS analysis further indicates that a large fraction of molecular formulas from these samples are the same, existing as lignin-like compounds. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments show that several representative molecules from the lignin-like compounds have similar functional group losses and fragmentation patterns, consistent with modified lignin structural entities in the wood extract and these DOM samples. Taken together, these data suggest that lignin-derived compounds may survive the transit from the river to the coastal ocean and can accumulate there because of their refractory nature.  相似文献   

Sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L.X. Dong  W.B. Guan  Q. Chen  X.H. Li  X.H. Liu  X.M. Zeng 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Eight survey cruises in different seasons have been conducted in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) during the period from 2000 to 2008. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and hydrological data were collected during each cruise. Data analysis showed that total suspended sediment mass was approximately 0.18 × 10⁹ tons in the surveyed area during spring and autumn seasons. Highly turbid waters were found in the shallow waters between the Subei coast, the Changjiang estuary and the Zhejiang coast with seasonal variations.  相似文献   

Predicting size effect on diffusion-limited current density of oxygen reduction by copper wire     

«����  �캣��  ����  ���� 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(1):75-79

The size effect of copper wire radius (0.04–0.82 mm) on the diffusion-limited current density of an oxygen reduction reaction in stagnant simulated seawater (naturally aerated 0.5 mol/L NaCl) is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared with the results obtained in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. In the oxygen diffusion-limited range, size effect is found to occur independent of electrolytes, which is attributed to non-linear diffusion. Additionally, to satisfy application in a marine setting, an empirical equation correlating oxygen diffusion-limited current density to copper wire radius is proposed by fitting experimental data.  相似文献   

基于多种形变观测资料分析福建地区形变特征     

王紫燕  李祖宁  刘序俨  关玉梅  陈超贤  钟继茂  陈光 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(4):32-36

利用福建区域GPS连续观测资料计算出应变场,由跨断层垂直形变资料计算出形变速率强度累积率,并根据跨断层、体应变等多种形变资料得到各测点压张特性的空间分布.在此基础上,研究了福建区域2005-2006年、2007-2008年、2009-2010年各时期的形变特征.研究结果表明:龙岩-厦门-东山、政海带与沙县南日岛断裂带交...  相似文献   

近6 ka以来科尔沁沙地东部气候变化记录   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

刘冰  靳鹤龄  孙忠 《中国沙漠》2011,31(6):1398-1405

 根据科尔沁沙地东部TL剖面磁化率、有机质、化学元素等气候代用指标的变化特征和14C测年结果,分析和讨论了科尔沁沙地6 ka BP以来的气候变化过程。实验数据显示,高频磁化率、低频磁化率、有机质、Al2O3含量变化趋势基本一致,且峰值段对应古土壤层,谷值段对应风成砂层。依据气候代用指标的变化将6 ka BP以来科尔沁沙地气候变化分为3个阶段：Ⅰ.6.0～4.2 ka BP,气候暖湿,夏季风逐渐增强,并占主导,冬季风较弱,与全新世大暖期对应,但存在百年尺度的气候波动,其中：6.0～5.6 ka BP,5.6～5.4 ka BP,4.9～4.2 ka BP气候暖湿;5.6～5.5 ka BP,5.4～4.9 ka BP气候相对冷干。Ⅱ.4.2～1.3 ka BP,气候相对暖湿,与上一阶段相比夏季风有所减弱,但仍强于冬季风,其间也存在次一级波动,3.7～3.6 ka BP,3.4～1.3 ka BP,气候相对暖湿,4.2～3.7 ka BP,3.6～3.4 ka BP气候相对干冷。Ⅲ.1.3～0.65 ka BP以来,气候波动频繁,后期有向暖湿发展的趋势。总体而言,区域气候变化与全球具有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

滠水河流域经济环境协调发展系统动力学模拟   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

袁绪英  曾菊新  吴宜进 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(6):84-88,101

从系统分析的视角出发,根据滠水河流域的自然与社会经济特点,构建经济环境协调发展系统动力学模型,模型主要参数包括人口、GDP、城市化水平、产业结构、水资源可利用量、水环境容量等。通过模型正负反馈环进行因果关系分析,考虑人口、资源、环境与经济之间的互动与制约关系,进行子系统划分,并确定人口平均增长率、服务业废水率、工业废水率以及水土流失率为敏感性因素,以敏感因素为核心,设计3种不同情景,得出经济、环境协调发展情景为最优方案。通过对不同发展情景的分析与比较,提出滠水河流域有必要采取措施控制人口增长,促进经济发展,保护生态环境,实现该流域经济与环境协调发展。  相似文献